Statistical complexity and optimal algorithms for nonlinear ridge bandits

Abstract

We consider the sequential decision-making problem where the mean outcome is a nonlinear function of the chosen action. Compared with the linear model, two curious phenomena arise in nonlinear models: first, in addition to the “learning phase” with a standard parametric rate for estimation or regret, there is an “burn-in period” with a fixed cost determined by the nonlinear function; second, achieving the smallest burn-in cost requires new exploration algorithms. For a special family of nonlinear functions named ridge functions in the literature, we derive upper and lower bounds on the optimal burn-in cost, and in addition, on the entire learning trajectory during the burn-in period via differential equations. In particular, a two-stage algorithm that first finds a good initial action and then treats the problem as locally linear is statistically optimal. In contrast, several classical algorithms, such as UCB and algorithms relying on regression oracles, are provably suboptimal.