2D anisotropic KPZ at stationarity: Scaling, tightness and nontriviality

Abstract

In this work we focus on the two-dimensional anisotropic KPZ (aKPZ) equation, which is formally given by \begin{equation*}\partial _{t}h=\frac{\nu }{2}\Delta h+\lambda \bigl((\partial _{1}h)^{2}-(\partial _{2}h)^{2}\bigr)+\nu ^{\frac{1}{2}}\xi ,\end{equation*} where $\xi $ denotes a noise which is white in both space and time, and $\lambda $ and $\nu $ are positive constants. Due to the wild oscillations of the noise and the quadratic nonlinearity, the previous equation is classically ill posed. It is not possible to linearise it via the Cole–Hopf transformation and the pathwise techniques for singular SPDEs (the theory of regularity structures by M. Hairer or the paracontrolled distributions approach of M. Gubinelli, P. Imkeller, N. Perkowski) are not applicable. In the present work we consider a regularised version of aKPZ which preserves its invariant measure. We prove the existence of subsequential limits once the regularisation is removed, provided $\lambda $ and $\nu $ are suitably renormalised. Moreover, we show that, in the regime in which $\nu $ is constant and the coupling constant $\lambda $ converges to $0$ as the inverse of the square root logarithm, any limit differs from the solution to the linear equation obtained by simply dropping the nonlinearity in aKPZ.