May 2023 Equivalence of Liouville measure and Gaussian free field
Nathanaël Berestycki, Scott Sheffield, Xin Sun
Author Affiliations +
Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 59(2): 795-816 (May 2023). DOI: 10.1214/22-AIHP1280

Abstract

Given an instance h of the Gaussian free field on a planar domain D and a constant γ(0,2), one can use various regularization procedures to make sense of the Liouville quantum gravity area measure μ:=eγh(z)dz. It is known that the field h a.s. determines the measure μh. We show that the converse is true: namely, h is measurably determined by μh. More generally, given a random closed fractal subset A endowed with a Frostman measure σ whose support is A (independent of h), a Gaussian multiplicative chaos measure μσ,h can be constructed. We give a mild condition on (A,σ) under which μσ,h determines h restricted to A, in the sense that it determines its harmonic extension off A. Our condition is satisfied by the occupation measures of planar Brownian motion and SLE curves under natural parametrizations. Along the way we obtain general positive moment bounds for Gaussian multiplicative chaos. Contrary to previous results, this does not require any assumption on the underlying measure σ such as scale invariance, and hence may be of independent interest.

Etant donnée une réalisation h d’un champ libre Gaussien dans un domaine D du plan et une constante γ(0,2) il est possible de donner un sens à la mesure aléatoire μh:=eγh(z)dz dite de gravité quantique de Liouville, dont il est connu qu’elle est une fonction mesurable du champ h. Nous montrons la réciproque de ce résultat : c’est-à-dire, h est entièrement déterminé de façon mesurable par la mesure μh. Plus généralement, étant donné un ensemble fractal fermé A aléatoire équipé d’une mesure de Frostman de référence σ (tous deux indépendants de h), il est possible de construire le chaos multiplicatif Gaussien μσ,h de h par rapport à σ. Nous donnons une condition simple et générique sur (A,σ) sous laquelle μσ,h détermine la restriction de h à σ, ou plus précisément l’extension harmonique de h en dehors de A. Cette condition est satisfaite par la mesure d’occupation du mouvement Brownien plan et par des courbes SLE munies de paramétrisations naturelles. En cours de route nous obtenons des résultats généraux sur les moments positifs du chaos multiplicatif Gaussien. Contrairement à de précédents travaux, nous ne faisons pas d’hypothèse sur la mesure de référence σ de type invariance par échelle. Les résultats ainsi obtenus peuvent donc être d’un intérêt indépendant.

Acknowledgments

We thank three anonymous referees for careful reading of the paper and many helpful comments. We thank the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, for generous support and hospitality during the programme Random Geometry where part of this project was undertaken. The first and second authors were partially supported by EPSRC grants EP/GO55068/1 and EP/I03372X/1, and the first author by an FWF grant on “Scaling limits in random conformal geometry”. The second author was partially supported by a grant and a sabbatical fellowship from the Simons Foundation. The second and third authors were partially supported by NSF Award DMS 1209044. The third author was supported by a Junior Fellow award from the Simons Foundation and NSF Grants DMS-1811092 and DMS-2027986. Part of this work was undertaken during various visits by the first author to MIT and Columbia, respectively. Their hospitality is gratefully acknowledged.

Citation

Download Citation

Nathanaël Berestycki. Scott Sheffield. Xin Sun. "Equivalence of Liouville measure and Gaussian free field." Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 59 (2) 795 - 816, May 2023. https://doi.org/10.1214/22-AIHP1280

Information

Received: 2 July 2021; Revised: 29 March 2022; Accepted: 19 April 2022; Published: May 2023
First available in Project Euclid: 12 April 2023

MathSciNet: MR4575017
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/22-AIHP1280

Subjects:
Primary: 60J65 , 60J67 , 60K37

Keywords: Gaussian free field , Gaussian multiplicative chaos , Liouville measure

Rights: Copyright © 2023 Association des Publications de l’Institut Henri Poincaré

JOURNAL ARTICLE
22 PAGES

This article is only available to subscribers.
It is not available for individual sale.
+ SAVE TO MY LIBRARY

Vol.59 • No. 2 • May 2023
Back to Top