February 2023 Boundary traces of shift-invariant diffusions in half-plane
Mateusz Kwaśnicki
Author Affiliations +
Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 59(1): 411-436 (February 2023). DOI: 10.1214/22-AIHP1250

Abstract

We study boundary traces of shift-invariant diffusions: two-dimensional diffusions in the upper half-plane ×[0,) (or in ×[0,R)) invariant under horizontal translations. We prove that the corresponding trace processes are Lévy processes with completely monotone jumps, and, conversely, every Lévy process with completely monotone jumps is a boundary trace of some shift-invariant diffusion. Up to some natural transformations of space and time, this correspondence is bijective. We also reformulate this result in the language of additive functionals of the Brownian motion in [0,) (or in [0,R)), and Brownian excursions. Our main tool is the recent extension of Krein’s spectral theory of strings, due to Eckhardt and Kostenko.

Nous étudions les traces marginales de diffusions invariantes par translation : des diffusions bidimensionnelles dans le demi-plan supérieur ×[0,) (ou dans ×[0,R)) invariantes par translation horizontale. Nous prouvons que les processus de trace correspondants sont des processus de Lévy avec des sauts complètement monotones et, réciproquement, tout processus de Lévy avec des sauts complètement monotones est une trace marginale d’une diffusion invariante par translation. Moyennant certaines transformations naturelles de l’espace et du temps, cette correspondance est bijective. Nous reformulons également ce résultat dans le langage des fonctionnelles additives du mouvement brownien dans [0,) (ou dans [0,R)), et des excursions browniennes. Notre outil principal est la récente extension de la théorie spectrale des cordes de Krein, grâce à Eckhardt et Kostenko.

Funding Statement

Work supported by the Polish National Science Centre (NCN) grant no. 2015/19/B/ST1/01457 and the Wrocław University of Science and Technology grant no. 049U/0052/19.

Acknowledgments

I thank Sigurd Assing, Jacek Małecki and Jacek Mucha for inspiring discussions on the subject of the present article. I also thank Tadeusz Kulczycki, from whom I learned about the concept of the boundary trace of a diffusion. Finally, I thank two anonymous referees, who greatly helped improve the quality of the article and informed me about numerous references.

Citation

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Mateusz Kwaśnicki. "Boundary traces of shift-invariant diffusions in half-plane." Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 59 (1) 411 - 436, February 2023. https://doi.org/10.1214/22-AIHP1250

Information

Received: 18 March 2020; Revised: 6 August 2021; Accepted: 3 February 2022; Published: February 2023
First available in Project Euclid: 16 January 2023

MathSciNet: MR4533735
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/22-AIHP1250

Subjects:
Primary: 35J25 , 35J70 , 35R11 , 47G20 , 60J60 , 60J75

Keywords: diffusion , Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator , elliptic equation , Krein’s string , Lévy process , Non-local operator , trace process

Rights: Copyright © 2023 Association des Publications de l’Institut Henri Poincaré

Vol.59 • No. 1 • February 2023
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