August 2021 Uniform spanning forests on biased Euclidean lattices
Zhan Shi, Vladas Sidoravicius, He Song, Longmin Wang, Kainan Xiang
Author Affiliations +
Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 57(3): 1569-1582 (August 2021). DOI: 10.1214/20-AIHP1119

Abstract

The uniform spanning forest measure (USF) on a locally finite, infinite connected graph with conductance c, is defined as a weak limit of uniform spanning tree measure on finite subgraphs. Depending on the underlying graph and conductances, the corresponding USF is not necessarily concentrated on the set of spanning trees. Pemantle (Ann. Probab. 19 (1991) 1559–1574) showed that on Zd, equipped with the unit conductance c=1, USF is concentrated on spanning trees if and only if d4. In this work we study the USF associated with conductances c(e)=λ|e|, where |e| is the graph distance of the edge e from the origin, and λ(0,1) is a fixed parameter. Our main result states that in this case USF consists of finitely many trees if and only if d=2 or 3. More precisely, we prove that the uniform spanning forest has 2d trees if d=2 or 3, and infinitely many trees if d4. Our method relies on the analysis of the spectral radius and the speed of the λ-biased random walk on Zd.

La forêt couvrante uniforme (notée USF) sur un graphe connexe, infini et localement fini avec conductance c(·), est définie comme la loi limite de l’arbre couvrant uniforme de sous-graphes finis. Suivant le graphe et les conductances, la mesure USF ne porte pas nécessairement sur l’ensemble des arbres couvrants. Pemantle (Ann. Probab. 19 (1991) 1559–1574) a démontré que sur Zd muni de la conductance unité c=1, USF porte sur les arbres couvrants si et seulement si d4. Dans ce travail, nous étudions USF associée aux conductances c(e)=λ|e|, où |e| est la distance entre l’arête e et l’origine, et λ]0,1[ est un paramètre fixé. Notre résultat principal montre que dans ce cas, USF porte sur un nombre fini d’arbres si et seulement si d=2 ou 3. Plus précisément, nous prouvons que la forêt couvrante uniforme contient 2d arbres si d=2 ou 3, et contient une infinité d’arbres si d4. Notre approche s’appuie sur une analyse du rayon spectral et de la vitesse de la marche aléatoire λ-biaisée sur Zd.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank an anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper, and to significantly simplify the proofs of Theorem 2.1 and Lemma 3.4. Part of the work has been done while Z. Shi, L. Wang and K. Xiang were visiting the NYU Shanghai – ECNU Mathematical Institute. They are deeply grateful to the Institute for hospitality and financial support. H. Song’s research is supported partially by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (No. 60620196003) and by Xiang Yu Ying Cai (No. 31SH002). K. Xiang’s research is supported partially by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11671216, 11871032) and by Hu Xiang Gao Ceng Ci Ren Cai Ju Jiao Gong Cheng-Chuang Xin Ren Cai (No. 2019RS1057).

Citation

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Zhan Shi. Vladas Sidoravicius. He Song. Longmin Wang. Kainan Xiang. "Uniform spanning forests on biased Euclidean lattices." Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 57 (3) 1569 - 1582, August 2021. https://doi.org/10.1214/20-AIHP1119

Information

Received: 2 July 2019; Revised: 12 October 2020; Accepted: 4 November 2020; Published: August 2021
First available in Project Euclid: 22 July 2021

MathSciNet: MR4291449
zbMATH: 1483.05165
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/20-AIHP1119

Subjects:
Primary: 05C81 , 60G50 , 60J10
Secondary: 05C63 , 05C80 , 60C05

Keywords: biased random walk , spectral radius , Speed , Uniform spanning forest

Rights: Copyright © 2021 Association des Publications de l’Institut Henri Poincaré

Vol.57 • No. 3 • August 2021
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