Abstract
The aim of this paper is to give an upper bound for the dimension of a torus $T$ which acts on a GKM manifold $M$ effectively. In order to do that, we introduce a free abelian group of finite rank, denoted by $\mathcal{A}(\Gamma,\alpha,\nabla)$, from an (abstract) $(m,n)$-type GKM graph $(\Gamma,\alpha,\nabla)$. Here, an $(m,n)$-type GKM graph is the GKM graph induced from a $2m$-dimensional GKM manifold $M^{2m}$ with an effective $n$-dimensional torus $T^{n}$-action which preserves the almost complex structure, say $(M^{2m},T^{n})$. Then it is shown that $\mathcal{A}(\Gamma,\alpha,\nabla)$ has rank $\ell(> n)$ if and only if there exists an $(m,\ell)$-type GKM graph $(\Gamma,\widetilde{\alpha},\nabla)$ which is an extension of $(\Gamma,\alpha,\nabla)$. Using this combinatorial necessary and sufficient condition, we prove that the rank of $\mathcal{A}(\Gamma_{M},\alpha_{M},\nabla_{M})$ for the GKM graph $(\Gamma_{M},\alpha_{M},\nabla_{M})$ induced from $(M^{2m},T^{n})$ gives an upper bound for the dimension of a torus which can act on $M^{2m}$ effectively. As one of the applications of this result, we compute the rank associated to $\mathcal{A}(\Gamma,\alpha,\nabla)$ of the complex Grassmannian of 2-planes $G_{2}(\mathbb{C}^{n+2})$ with the natural effective $T^{n+1}$-action, and prove that this action on $G_{2}(\mathbb{C}^{n+2})$ is the maximal effective torus action which preserves the standard complex structure.
Funding Statement
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15K17531, 24224002, 17K14196.
Citation
Shintarô KUROKI. "Upper bounds for the dimension of tori acting on GKM manifolds." J. Math. Soc. Japan 71 (2) 483 - 513, April, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2969/jmsj/79177917
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