For a compact, orientable, irreducible $3$-manifold with toroidal boundary that is not the product of a torus and an interval or a cable space, each boundary torus has a finite set of slopes such that, if avoided, the Thurston norm of a Dehn filling behaves predictably. More precisely, for all but finitely many slopes, the Thurston norm of a class in the second homology of the filled manifold plus the so-called winding norm of the class will be equal to the Thurston norm of the corresponding class in the second homology of the unfilled manifold. This generalizes a result of Sela and is used to answer a question of Baker–Motegi concerning the Seifert genus of knots obtained by twisting a given initial knot along an unknot which links it.

We employ min-max methods to construct uncountably many, geometrically distinct, properly embedded geodesic lines in any asymptotically conical surface of non-negative scalar curvature, a setting where minimization schemes are doomed to fail. Our construction provides control of the Morse index of the geodesic lines we produce, which will be always less or equal than one (with equality under suitable curvature or genericity assumptions), as well as of their precise asymptotic behavior. In fact, we can prove that in any such surface for every couple of opposite half-lines there exists an embedded geodesic line whose two ends are asymptotic, in a suitable sense, to those half-lines.

We establish quantitative properties of minimizers and stable sets for nonlocal interaction functionals, including the $s$-fractional perimeter as a particular case.

On the one hand, we establish universal $BV$-estimates in every dimension $n \geqslant 2$ for stable sets. Namely, we prove that any stable set in $B_1$ has finite classical perimeter in $B_{1/2}$, with a universal bound. This nonlocal result is new even in the case of $s$-perimeters and its local counterpart (for classical stable minimal surfaces) was known only for simply connected two-dimensional surfaces immersed in $\mathbb{R}^3$.

On the other hand, we prove quantitative flatness estimates for minimizers and stable sets in low dimensions $n = 2, 3$. More precisely, we show that a stable set in $B_R$, with $R$ large, is very close in measure to being a half space in $B_1$ – with a quantitative estimate on the measure of the symmetric difference. As a byproduct, we obtain new classification results for stable sets in the whole plane.

We prove a local well-posedness theorem for the $(n+1)$-dimensional Einstein equations in Lorentzian signature, with initial data $(\widetilde{g},K)$ whose asymptotic geometry at infinity is similar to that anti-de Sitter (AdS) space, and compatible boundary data $\widehat{g}$ prescribed at the time-like conformal boundary of space-time. More precisely, we consider an $n$-dimensional asymptotically hyperbolic Riemannian manifold $(M, \widetilde{g})$ such that the conformally rescaled metric $x^2 \widetilde{g}$ (with $x$ a boundary defining function) extends to the closure $\overline{M}$ of $M$ as a metric of class $C^{n-1} (\overline{M})$ which is also poly-homogeneous of class $C^p_{\mathrm{polyhom}} (\overline{M})$. Likewise we assume that the conformally rescaled symmetric $(0, 2)$-tensor $x^ 2 K$ extends to $\overline{M}$ as a tensor field of class $C^{n-1} (\overline{M})$ which is polyhomogeneous of class $C^{p-1}_{\mathrm{polyhom}} (\overline{M})$. We assume that the initial data $(\widetilde{g}, K)$ satisfy the Einstein constraint equations and also that the boundary datum is of class $C^p$ on $\partial M \times (-T_0, T_0)$ and satisfies a set of natural compatibility conditions with the initial data. We then prove that there exists an integer $r_n$, depending only on the dimension $n$, such that if $p \geqslant 2q + r_n$, with $q$ a positive integer, then there is $T \gt 0$, depending only on the norms of the initial and boundary data, such that the Einstein equations (1.1) has a unique (up to a diffeomorphism) solution $g$ on $(-T, T) \times M$ with the above initial and boundary data, which is such that $x^2 g \in C^{n-1} ((-T, T) \times \overline{M}) \; \cap \; C^q_{\mathrm{polyhom}} ((-T, T) \times \overline{M})$. Furthermore, if $x^2 \widetilde{g} , x^2 K$ are polyhomogeneous of class $C^{\infty}$ and $\widehat{g}$ is in $C^{\infty} ((-T_0, T_0) \times \partial \overline{M})$, then $x^2 g$ is in $C^{\infty}_{\mathrm{polyhom}} ((-T, T) \times \overline{M})$.

We prove optimal genus bounds for minimal surfaces arising from the min-max construction of Simon–Smith. This confirms a conjecture made by Pitts–Rubinstein in 1986.