Explicit expressions for the variogram of first-order intrinsic autoregressions

Abstract

Exact and explicit expressions for the variogram of first-order intrinsic autoregressions have not been known. Various asymptotic expansions and approximations have been used to compute the variogram. In this note, an exact and explicit expression applicable for all parameter values is derived. The expression involves Appell’s hypergeometric function of the fourth kind. Various particular cases of the expression are also derived.