On the real spectrum of a product of Gaussian matrices

Abstract

Let $X_{m} = G_{1}\ldots G_{m}$ denote the product of $m$ independent random matrices of size $N \times N$, with each matrix in the product consisting of independent standard Gaussian variables. Denoting by $N_{\mathbb{R} }(m)$ the total number of real eigenvalues of $X_{m}$, we show that for $m$ fixed \[ \mathbb{E} (N_{\mathbb{R} }(m)) = \sqrt{\frac {2Nm}{\pi }} +O(\log (N)), \qquad N \to \infty . \] This generalizes a well-known result of Edelman et al. [10] to all $m>1$. Furthermore, we show that the normalized global density of real eigenvalues converges weakly in expectation to the density of the random variable $|U|^{m}B$ where $U$ is uniform on $[-1,1]$ and $B$ is Bernoulli on $\{-1,1\}$. This proves a conjecture of Forrester and Ipsen [13]. The results are obtained by the asymptotic analysis of a certain Meijer G-function.