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June, 1974 On the Approximation of Stationary Measures by Periodic and Ergodic Measures
J. C. Kieffer
Ann. Probab. 2(3): 530-534 (June, 1974). DOI: 10.1214/aop/1176996671

Abstract

Let $(\Omega, \mathscr{F})$ be the measurable space consisting of $\Omega$, the set of sequences $(x_1, x_2, \cdots)$ from a finite set $A$, and $\mathscr{F}$, the usual product sigma-field. Let $X_1, X_2, \cdots$ be the usual coordinate random variables defined on $\Omega$. For $n = 1,2, \cdots$, let $\mathscr{F}_n$ be the sub sigma-field of $\mathscr{F}$ generated by $X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_n$. We prove the following: if $P$ is a probability measure on $\mathscr{F}$ stationary with respect to the one-sided shift transformation on $\Omega$ and if $N$ is a positive integer, then there is a periodic measure $Q$ on $\mathscr{F}$ such that $Q = P$ over $\mathscr{F}_N$. This is a stronger result than the known fact that the periodic measures are dense in the set of stationary measures under the weak topology. We also show that if $P$ assigns positive measure to every non-empty set in $\mathscr{F}_N$, it is possible to find an ergodic measure $Q$ such that $P = Q$ over $\mathscr{F}_N$. We investigate the entropies of all such ergodic measures $Q$ which approximate $P$ in this sense, and show that there is a unique ergodic measure $Q$ of maximal entropy such that $P = Q$ over $\mathscr{F}_N$.

Citation

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J. C. Kieffer. "On the Approximation of Stationary Measures by Periodic and Ergodic Measures." Ann. Probab. 2 (3) 530 - 534, June, 1974. https://doi.org/10.1214/aop/1176996671

Information

Published: June, 1974
First available in Project Euclid: 19 April 2007

zbMATH: 0287.60033
MathSciNet: MR369661
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/aop/1176996671

Subjects:
Primary: 60B05
Secondary: 94A15

Keywords: 28-A35 , 28-A65 , Entropy , ergodic measures , periodic measures , shift transformation , Stationary measures

Rights: Copyright © 1974 Institute of Mathematical Statistics

Vol.2 • No. 3 • June, 1974
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