Open Access
September 2019 Identifying and estimating principal causal effects in a multi-site trial of Early College High Schools
Lo-Hua Yuan, Avi Feller, Luke W. Miratrix
Ann. Appl. Stat. 13(3): 1348-1369 (September 2019). DOI: 10.1214/18-AOAS1235

Abstract

Randomized trials are often conducted with separate randomizations across multiple sites such as schools, voting districts, or hospitals. These sites can differ in important ways, including the site’s implementation quality, local conditions, and the composition of individuals. An important question in practice is whether—and under what assumptions—researchers can leverage this cross-site variation to learn more about the intervention. We address these questions in the principal stratification framework, which describes causal effects for subgroups defined by post-treatment quantities. We show that researchers can estimate certain principal causal effects via the multi-site design if they are willing to impose the strong assumption that the site-specific effects are independent of the site-specific distribution of stratum membership. We motivate this approach with a multi-site trial of the Early College High School Initiative, a unique secondary education program with the goal of increasing high school graduation rates and college enrollment. Our analyses corroborate previous studies suggesting that the initiative had positive effects for students who would have otherwise attended a low-quality high school, although power is limited.

Citation

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Lo-Hua Yuan. Avi Feller. Luke W. Miratrix. "Identifying and estimating principal causal effects in a multi-site trial of Early College High Schools." Ann. Appl. Stat. 13 (3) 1348 - 1369, September 2019. https://doi.org/10.1214/18-AOAS1235

Information

Received: 1 March 2018; Revised: 1 December 2018; Published: September 2019
First available in Project Euclid: 17 October 2019

zbMATH: 07145960
MathSciNet: MR4019142
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/18-AOAS1235

Keywords: covariate restrictions , Early College High School , multi-site randomized trials , noncompliance , Principal causal effects , Principal stratification

Rights: Copyright © 2019 Institute of Mathematical Statistics

Vol.13 • No. 3 • September 2019
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