Approximation of stochastic processes by nonexpansive flows and coming down from infinity

Abstract

This paper deals with the approximation of semimartingales in finite dimension by dynamical systems. We give trajectorial estimates uniform with respect to the initial condition for a well-chosen distance. This relies on a nonexpansivity property of the flow and allows to consider non-Lipschitz vector fields. The fluctuations of the process are controlled using the martingale technics and stochastic calculus.

Our main motivation is the trajectorial description of stochastic processes starting from large initial values. We state general properties on the coming down from infinity of one-dimensional SDEs, with a focus on stochastically monotone processes. In particular, we recover and complement known results on $\Lambda $-coalescent and birth and death processes. Moreover, using Poincaré’s compactification techniques for flows close to infinity, we develop this approach in two dimensions for competitive stochastic models. We thus classify the coming down from infinity of Lotka–Volterra diffusions and provide uniform estimates for the scaling limits of competitive birth and death processes.