November 2023 Asymptotics for Strassen’s optimal transport problem
Lei Yu
Author Affiliations +
Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 59(4): 1745-1777 (November 2023). DOI: 10.1214/22-AIHP1258

Abstract

In this paper, we consider Strassen’s version of optimal transport (OT) problem, which concerns minimizing the excess-cost probability (i.e., the probability that the cost is larger than a given value) over all couplings of two given distributions. We derive large deviation, moderate deviation, and central limit theorems for this problem. Our proof is based on Strassen’s dual formulation of the OT problem, Sanov’s theorem on the large deviation principle (LDP) of empirical measures, as well as the moderate deviation principle (MDP) and central limit theorems (CLT) of empirical measures. In order to apply the LDP, MDP, and CLT to Strassen’s OT problem, nested formulas for Strassen’s OT problem are derived. Based on these nested formulas and using a splitting technique, we construct asymptotically optimal solutions to Strassen’s OT problem and its dual formulation.

Dans cet article, nous considérons la version de Strassen du problème de transport optimal (TO), qui porte sur la minimisation de la probabilité de surcoût (c’est-à-dire la probabilité que le coût soit supérieur à une valeur donnée) sur tous les couplages de deux distributions données. Nous obtenons des théorèmes de grande déviation, de déviation modérée et de limite centrale pour ce problème. Notre preuve est basée sur la formulation duale du problème TO introduite par Strassen, le théorème de Sanov sur le principe de grande déviation (PGD) des mesures empiriques, ainsi que le principe de déviation modérée (PDM) et les théorèmes centraux limites (TCL) des mesures empiriques. Afin d’appliquer les PGD, PDM et TLC au problème TO de Strassen, des formules imbriquées pour le problème TO de Strassen sont établies. Sur la base de ces formules imbriquées et en utilisant une technique de division, nous construisons des solutions asymptotiquement optimales au problème TO de Strassen et à sa formulation duale.

Funding Statement

The author was supported by the NSFC under grant 62101286 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Nankai University) under grant 054-63233073.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Vincent Y. F. Tan for his comments on the preliminary version of the manuscript, and also thank Yonglong Li and Bo Wei for useful discussions. The author would like to thank the reviewers for their suggestions which greatly have improved the readability of this paper, and also thank one of them for pointing out the references [17, 41].

Citation

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Lei Yu. "Asymptotics for Strassen’s optimal transport problem." Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 59 (4) 1745 - 1777, November 2023. https://doi.org/10.1214/22-AIHP1258

Information

Received: 17 October 2021; Revised: 21 February 2022; Accepted: 21 February 2022; Published: November 2023
First available in Project Euclid: 3 November 2023

Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/22-AIHP1258

Subjects:
Primary: 60F05 , 60F10
Secondary: 49Q22

Keywords: central limit theorem , large deviation , Moderate deviation , Optimal transport

Rights: Copyright © 2023 Association des Publications de l’Institut Henri Poincaré

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Vol.59 • No. 4 • November 2023
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