Abstract
We prove non-asymptotic stretched exponential tail bounds on the height of a randomly sampled node in a random combinatorial tree, which we use to prove bounds on the heights and widths of random trees from a variety of models. Our results allow us to prove a conjecture and settle an open problem of Janson [13], and nearly prove another conjecture and settle another open problem from the same work (up to a polylogarithmic factor).
The key tool for our work is an equivalence in law between the degrees along the path to a random node in a random tree with given degree statistics, and a random truncation of a size-biased ordering of the degrees of such a tree. We also exploit a Poissonization trick introduced by Camarri and Pitman [9] in the context of inhomogeneous continuum random trees, which we adapt to the setting of random trees with fixed degrees.
Finally, we propose and justify a change to the conventions of branching process nomenclature: the name “Galton–Watson trees” should be permanently retired by the community, and replaced with the name “Bienaymé trees”.
Funding Statement
During this work LAB was partially supported by NSERC Discovery Grant 643473. The authors also thank Serte Donderwinkel for useful discussions, and for pointing out a gap in one of the proofs in an early version of the paper (as well as how to fix it); and two referees, whose careful reading substantially improved the paper.
Citation
Louigi Addario-Berry. Anna Brandenberger. Jad Hamdan. Céline Kerriou. "Universal height and width bounds for random trees." Electron. J. Probab. 27 1 - 24, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1214/22-EJP842
Information