On the risk of convex-constrained least squares estimators under misspecification

Abstract

We consider the problem of estimating the mean of a noisy vector. When the mean lies in a convex constraint set, the least squares projection of the random vector onto the set is a natural estimator. Properties of the risk of this estimator, such as its asymptotic behavior as the noise tends to zero, have been well studied. We instead study the behavior of this estimator under misspecification, that is, without the assumption that the mean lies in the constraint set. For appropriately defined notions of risk in the misspecified setting, we prove a generalization of a low noise characterization of the risk due to [Found. Comput. Math. 16 (2016) 965–1029] in the case of a polyhedral constraint set. An interesting consequence of our results is that the risk can be much smaller in the misspecified setting than in the well-specified setting. We also discuss consequences of our result for isotonic regression.