## Bernoulli

• Bernoulli
• Volume 24, Number 1 (2018), 80-114.

### The logarithmic law of sample covariance matrices near singularity

#### Abstract

Let $B=(b_{jk})_{p\times n}=(Y_{1},Y_{2},\ldots,Y_{n})$ be a collection of independent real random variables with mean zero and variance one. Suppose that $\Sigma$ is a $p$ by $p$ population covariance matrix. Let $X_{k}=\Sigma^{1/2}Y_{k}$ for $k=1,2,\ldots,n$ and $\hat{\Sigma}_{1}=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n}X_{k}X_{k}^{T}$. Under the moment condition $\mathop{\mathrm{sup}}_{p,n}\max_{1\leq j\leq p,1\leq k\leq n}\mathbb{E}b_{jk}^{4}<\infty$, we prove that the log determinant of the sample covariance matrix $\hat{\Sigma}_{1}$ satisfies

$\frac{\log\operatorname{det}\hat{\Sigma}_{1}-\sum_{k=1}^{p}\log(1-\frac{k}{n})-\log\det\Sigma}{\sqrt{-2\log(1-\frac{p}{n})}}\xrightarrow[\qquad]{d}N(0,1),$ when $p/n\rightarrow1$ and $p<n$. For $p=n$, we prove that

$\frac{\log\det\hat{\Sigma}_{1}+n\log n-\log(n-1)!-\log\det\Sigma}{\sqrt{2\log n}}\xrightarrow[\qquad]{d}N(0,1).$

#### Article information

Source
Bernoulli, Volume 24, Number 1 (2018), 80-114.

Dates
Revised: February 2016
First available in Project Euclid: 27 July 2017

https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bj/1501142437

Digital Object Identifier
doi:10.3150/16-BEJ867

Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
MR3706751

Zentralblatt MATH identifier
06778322

#### Citation

Wang, Xuejun; Han, Xiao; Pan, Guangming. The logarithmic law of sample covariance matrices near singularity. Bernoulli 24 (2018), no. 1, 80--114. doi:10.3150/16-BEJ867. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bj/1501142437

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