## The Annals of Statistics

### Markovian acyclic directed mixed graphs for discrete data

#### Abstract

Acyclic directed mixed graphs (ADMGs) are graphs that contain directed ($\rightarrow$) and bidirected ($\leftrightarrow$) edges, subject to the constraint that there are no cycles of directed edges. Such graphs may be used to represent the conditional independence structure induced by a DAG model containing hidden variables on its observed margin. The Markovian model associated with an ADMG is simply the set of distributions obeying the global Markov property, given via a simple path criterion (m-separation). We first present a factorization criterion characterizing the Markovian model that generalizes the well-known recursive factorization for DAGs. For the case of finite discrete random variables, we also provide a parameterization of the model in terms of simple conditional probabilities, and characterize its variation dependence. We show that the induced models are smooth. Consequently, Markovian ADMG models for discrete variables are curved exponential families of distributions.

#### Article information

Source
Ann. Statist., Volume 42, Number 4 (2014), 1452-1482.

Dates
First available in Project Euclid: 7 August 2014

https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1407420005

Digital Object Identifier
doi:10.1214/14-AOS1206

Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
MR3262457

Zentralblatt MATH identifier
1302.62148

Subjects
Primary: 62M45: Neural nets and related approaches

#### Citation

Evans, Robin J.; Richardson, Thomas S. Markovian acyclic directed mixed graphs for discrete data. Ann. Statist. 42 (2014), no. 4, 1452--1482. doi:10.1214/14-AOS1206. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1407420005

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