For positive integers $a$ and $b$, we let $\left[U_n\right]$ be the Lucas sequence of the first kind defined by

$$U_0=0, U_1=1 \mathrm{and} U_n=a{U}_{n-1}+b{U}_{n-2} \mathrm{for} n\ge 2,$$

and let $\mathrm{\pi }\left(m\right):={\mathrm{\pi }}_{(a,b)}\left(m\right)$ be the period length of $\left[U_n\right]$ modulo the integer $m\ge 2$, where gcd$(b,m)=1$. We define an $\left(a,b\right)$-Wall-Sun-Sun prime to be a prime $p$ such that $\mathrm{\pi }\left(p^2\right)=\mathrm{\pi }\left(p\right)$. When $(a,b)=(1,1)$, such a prime $p$ is referred to simply as a Wall-Sun-Sun prime.

We say that a monic polynomial $f\left(x\right)\in \mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}\left[x\right]$ of degree $N$ is monogenic if $f\left(x\right)$ is irreducible over $\mathrm{\mathbb{Q}}$ and

$$\{1,\theta ,{\theta }^2,\dots ,{\theta }^{N-1}\}$$

is a basis for the ring of integers of $\mathrm{\mathbb{Q}}\left(\theta \right)$, where $f\left(\theta \right)=0$.

Let $f\left(x\right)=x^2-ax-b$, and let $s$ be a positive integer. Then, with certain restrictions on $a$, $b$ and $s$, we prove that the monogenicity of

$$f\left(x^{s^n}\right)=x^{2s^n}-a{x}^{s^n}-b$$

is independent of the positive integer $n$ and is determined solely by whether $s$ has a prime divisor that is an $\left(a,b\right)$-Wall-Sun-Sun prime. This result improves and extends previous work of the author in the special case $b=1$.

To describe curves of form $C_{f,g}\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left\{(x,y)\left|f\right(x)-g(y)=0\right\}$ and their number theory properties, you must address $C_{f,g}$ whose projective normalization has a $\mathrm{genus} 0 (\mathrm{or} 1)$ component. For $f$ and $g$ polynomials and $f$ indecomposable, [Fr73a] distinguished $C_{f,g}$ with $u=1$ versus $u>1$ components (Schinzel’s problem). For $u=1$, [Fr73b, (1.6) of Prop. 1] gave a direct genus formula. To complete $u>1$ required an adhoc genus computation.

[Fr12] revisited later work. Pakovich [Pak18b], an example, dropped the indecomposable and polynomial restrictions, but added $C_{f,g}$ is irreducible ($u=1$). He showed – for fixed $f$ – unless the Galois closure of the cover for $f$ has $\mathrm{genus} 0 (\mathrm{or} 1)$, the genus grows linearly in deg($g$). Cor. 2.20 and Cor. 2.21 extend [Fr73b, Prop. 1] and use Nielsen classes to generalize Pakovich’s formulation for $u>1$.

Using the solution to the Davenport and Schinzel problems, Hurwitz families track the significance of these components, an approach motivated by Riemann’s relating $\theta$ functions and half-canonical classes.

A finite group $G$ is called admissible over a field $M$ if it is realizable as the Galois group of an extension of $M$ which is contained in a division algebra with center $M$. We consider the extent to which admissibility over $M$ implies admissibility over a subfield $K \subset M$, comparing variations where the division algebra, the extension field, or the Galois extension, are asserted to be dedined over $K$. We completely determine the logical implications between the variants.

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we study the number of partitions of a positive integer $m$ into at most $n$ parts in a given set $A$. We prove that such a number is bounded by the $n$-th Fibonacci number $F(n)$ for any $m$ and some family of sets $A$ including sets of powers of an integer. Then, in the second part of the paper, we provide new results in bounding the cohomology of the simple algebraic group $SL_2$ with coefficients in Weyl modules.

We consider the question of when an unorientable surface without boundary can be tiled by an $(l,m,n)$ triangle. We desire that the automorphism group of the surface preserving the tiling be “substantial”. We use the well known theory of quasiplatonic surfaces and symmetries of Riemann surfaces to propose a classification algorithm, entirely by finite group calculations. A comprehensive analysis of symmetries of quasiplatonic surfaces in low genus, by hand and by computer, is carried out, yielding triangulations of unoriented surfaces as a byproduct.

Let $\mathcal B =\{b_i\}^{\infty}_{i=1}$ be a fixed sequence of pairwise distinct elements of a number field $k$. Given the integers $2 \leq s \leq r$, assuming a quantitative version of Vojta's conjecture on the bounded degree algebraic numbers over a number field $k$, we provide lower and upper bounds for the cardinal number of the set $\mathrm G^{\mathcal B_M}_{r,s}$ of polynomials $f \in k[x]$ of degree $r \geq 2$ whose irreducible factors have multiplicity strictly less than $s$, and $f(b_1), \cdots,f(b_M)$ are nonzero $s$-powerful elements in $k$, where $M = 2r^2 + 6r + 1$ if $r = s$, and $2sr^2 + sr + 1$ otherwise. Moreover, considering certain conditions on $\mathcal B$, we show the existence of an integer $M_0 > M$ such that no polynomial in $\mathrm G^{\mathcal B_M}_{r,s}$ takes $s$-powerful values at all $b1,\cdots, b_n$ for $n \geq M_0$.