Critical Points Theorems via the Generalized Ekeland Variational Principle and its Application to Equations of $p(x)$-Laplace Type in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate abstract critical point theorems for continuously Gâteaux differentiable functionals satisfying the Cerami condition via the generalized Ekeland variational principle developed by C.-K. Zhong. As applications of our results, under certain assumptions, we show the existence of at least one or two weak solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations with variable exponents \[ -\operatorname{div} (\varphi(x, \nabla u)) + V(x) |u|^{p(x)-2} u = \lambda f(x,u) \quad \textrm{in } \mathbb{R}^{N}, \] where the function $\varphi(x,v)$ is of type $|v|^{p(x)-2}v$ with a continuous function $p \colon \mathbb{R}^{N} \to (1,\infty)$, $V \colon \mathbb{R}^{N} \to (0,\infty)$ is a continuous potential function, $\lambda$ is a real parameter, and $f \colon \mathbb{R}^{N} \times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is a Carathéodory function. Especially, we localize precisely the intervals of $\lambda$ for which the above equation admits at least one or two nontrivial weak solutions by applying our critical points results.