## Journal of Symbolic Logic

### Continuum-many Boolean algebras of the form 𝒫(ω )/ℐ, ℐ Borel

Michael Ray Oliver

#### Abstract

We examine the question of how many Boolean algebras, distinct up to isomorphism, that are quotients of the powerset of the naturals by Borel ideals, can be proved to exist in ZFC alone. The maximum possible value is easily seen to be the cardinality of the continuum 20; earlier work by Ilijas Farah had shown that this was the value in models of Martin’s Maximum or some similar forcing axiom, but it was open whether there could be fewer in models of the Continuum Hypothesis. We develop and apply a new technique for constructing many ideals whose quotients must be nonisomorphic in any model of ZFC. The technique depends on isolating a kind of ideal, called shallow, that can be distinguished from the ideal of all finite sets even after any isomorphic embedding, and then piecing together various copies of the ideal of all finite sets using distinct shallow ideals. In this way we are able to demonstrate that there are continuum-many distinct quotients by Borel ideals, indeed by analytic P-ideals, and in fact that there is in an appropriate sense a Borel embedding of the Vitali equivalence relation into the equivalence relation of isomorphism of quotients by analytic P-ideals. We also show that there is an uncountable definable wellordered collection of Borel ideals with distinct quotients.

#### Article information

Source
J. Symbolic Logic Volume 69, Issue 3 (2004), 799-816.

Dates
First available in Project Euclid: 4 October 2004

http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl/1096901768

Digital Object Identifier
doi:10.2178/jsl/1096901768

Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
MR2078923

Zentralblatt MATH identifier
1070.03030

#### Citation

Oliver, Michael Ray. Continuum-many Boolean algebras of the form 𝒫(ω )/ℐ, ℐ Borel. Journal of Symbolic Logic 69 (2004), no. 3, 799--816. doi:10.2178/jsl/1096901768. http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl/1096901768.

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