MSTD sets and Freiman isomorphisms

Abstract

An MSTD set is a finite set with more pairwise sums than differences. $(\Upsilon,\Phi)$-ismorphisms are generalizations of Freiman isomorphisms to arbitrary linear forms. These generalized isomorphisms are used to prove that every finite set of real numbers is Freiman isomorphic to a finite set of integers. This implies that there exists no MSTD set $A$ of real numbers with $|A| \leq 7$, and, up to Freiman isomorphism and affine isomorphism, there exists exactly one MSTD set $A$ of real numbers with $|A| = 8$.