Statistics Surveys
previous :: next

Parametric and nonparametric models and methods in financial econometrics

Zhibiao Zhao
Source: Statist. Surv. Volume 2 (2008), 1-42.

Abstract

Financial econometrics has become an increasingly popular research field. In this paper we review a few parametric and nonparametric models and methods used in this area. After introducing several widely used continuous-time and discrete-time models, we study in detail dependence structures of discrete samples, including Markovian property, hidden Markovian structure, contaminated observations, and random samples. We then discuss several popular parametric and nonparametric estimation methods. To avoid model mis-specification, model validation plays a key role in financial modeling. We discuss several model validation techniques, including pseudo-likelihood ratio test, nonparametric curve regression based test, residuals based test, generalized likelihood ratio test, simultaneous confidence band construction, and density based test. Finally, we briefly touch on tools for studying large sample properties.

First Page: Show Hide
Full-text: Open access
Links and Identifiers

Permanent link to this document: http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ssu/1206018174
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/08-SS034
Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet): MR2520979
Zentralblatt MATH identifier: 05719264

References

[1] Aït-Sahalia, Y. (1996a). Nonparametric pricing of interest rate derivative securities., Econometrica 64 527–560.
[2] Aït-Sahalia, Y. (1996b). Testing continuous-time models of the spot interest rate., Rev. Finan. Stud. 9 385–426.
[3] Aït-Sahalia, Y. (1999). Transition densities for interest rate and other nonlinear diffusions., J. Finance 54 1361–1395.
[4] Aït-Sahalia, Y. (2002). Maximum likelihood estimation of discretely sampled diffusions: A closed-form approximation approach., Econometrica 70 223–262.
[5] Aït-Sahalia, Y. (2006). Likelihood inference for diffusions: A survey. In, Frontiers in Statistics: in Honor of Peter J. Bickel’s 65th Birthday, edited by Fan, J. and Koul, H.L. Imperial College Press.
[6] Aït-Sahalia, Y., Fan, J. and Peng, H. (2006). Nonparametric transition-based tests for diffusions., Manuscript.
[7] Aït-Sahalia, Y. and Jacod, J. (2006a). Volatility estimators for discretely sampled Lévy processes. To appear, Ann. Statist.
[8] Aït-Sahalia, Y. and Jacod, J. (2006b). Fisher’s information for discretely sampled Lévy processes. To appear, Econometrica.
[9] Aït-Sahalia, Y. and Mykland, P. (2003). The effects of random and discrete sampling when estimating continuous-time diffusions., Econometrica 71 483–549.
[10] Aït-Sahalia, Y., Mykland, P.A. and Zhang, L. (2005). How often to sample a continuous-time process in the presence of market microstructure noise., Rev. Finan. Stud. 18 351–416.
[11] Anderson, T.W. (1993). Goodness of fit tests for spectral distribution., Ann. Statist. 21 830–847.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1232521
Zentralblatt MATH: 0779.62083
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aos/1176349153
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/1176349153
[12] Andersen, T.G. and Bollerslev, T. (1998). Answering the skeptics: Yes, standard volatility models do provide accurate forecasts., Int. Econ. Rev. 39 885–905.
[13] Andersen, T.G., Bollerslev, T., Diebold, F.X. and Labys, P. (2001). The distribution of exchange rate volatility., J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 96 42–55.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1952727
Zentralblatt MATH: 1015.62107
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1198/016214501750332965
[14] Andersen, T.G., Bollerslev, T. and Dobrev, D. (2007). No-arbitrage semi-martingale restrictions for continuous-time volatility models subject to leverage effects, jumps and i.i.d. noise: Theory and testable distributional implications., J. Econometrics 138 125–180.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2380695
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2006.05.018
[15] Andersen, T.G., Chung, H-J. and Sørensen, B.E. (1999). Efficient method of moments estimation of a stochastic volatility model: A Monte Carlo study., J. Econometrics 91 61–87.
[16] Andersen, T.G. and Lund, J. (1997). Estimating continuous time stochastic volatility models of the short term interest rate., J. Econometrics 77 343–378.
[17] Andersen, T.G. and Sørensen, B.E. (1996). GMM estimation of a stochastic volatility model: A Monte Carlo study., J. Bus. Econ. Statist. 14 328–352.
[18] Arfi, M. (1995). Non-parametric drift estimation from ergodic samples., J. Nonparametr. Statist. 5 381–389.
[19] Azzalini, A. and Bowman, A. (1993). On the use of nonparametric regression for checking linear relationships., J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 55 549–557.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1224417
[20] Azzalini, A., Bowman, A. and Härdle, W. (1989). On the use of nonparametric regression for model checking., Biometrika 76 1–11.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR991417
Zentralblatt MATH: 0663.62096
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1093/biomet/76.1.1
[21] Ball, C.A. and Torous, W.N. (1983). A simplified jump process for common stock returns., J. Finan. Quant. Anal. 18 53–65.
[22] Ball, C.A. and Torous, W.N. (1999). The stochastic volatility of short-term interest rates: Some international evidence., J. Finance 54 2339–2359.
[23] Bandi, F. (2002). Short-term interest rate dynamics: A spatial approach., J. Finan. Econ. 65 73–110.
[24] Bandi, F. and Phillips, P.C.B. (2003). Fully nonparametric estimation of scalar diffusion models., Econometrica 71 241–283.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1956859
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00395
[25] Banon, G. (1978). Nonparametric identification for diffusion processes., SIAM J. Control Optim. 16 380–395.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR492159
[26] Bansal, R., Gallant, A.R., Hussey, R. and Tauchen, G.E. (1995). Nonparametric estimation of structural models for high-frequency currency market data., J. Econometrics 66 251–287.
[27] Barndorff-Nielsen, O.E. (1997). Normal inverse Gaussian distributions and stochastic volatility modelling., Scand. J. Statist. 24 1–13.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1436619
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1467-9469.t01-1-00045
[28] Barndorff-Nielsen, O.E. and Shephard, N. (2001). Non-Gaussian Ornstein- Uhlenbeck-based models and some of their uses in financial economics (with discussion)., J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 63 167–241.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1841412
Zentralblatt MATH: 0983.60028
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00282
[29] Barndorff-Nielsen, O.E. and Shephard, N. (2002a). Econometric analysis of realised volatility and its use in estimating stochastic volatility models., J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 64 253–280.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1904704
Zentralblatt MATH: 1059.62107
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00336
[30] Barndorff-Nielsen, O.E. and Shephard, N. (2002b). Estimating quadratic variation using realized variance., J. Appl. Econometrics 17 457–477.
[31] Bates, D.S. (1991). The crash of ’87: was it expected? The evidence from options markets., J. Finance 46 1009–1044.
[32] Bates, D.S. (1996). Jumps and stochastic volatility: Exchange rate processes implicit in Deutsche Mark options., Rev. Finan. Stud. 9 69–107.
[33] Beckers, S. (1981). A note on estimating the parameters of the diffusion-jump model of stock returns., J. Finan. Quant. Anal. 16 127–140.
[34] Bera, A.K. and Higgins, M.L. (1993). ARCH models: Properties, estimatiion and testing., J. Econ. Surveys 7 305–366.
[35] Bibby, B.M. and Sørensen, M. (1995). Martingale estimation functions for discretely observed diffusion processes., Bernoulli 1 17–39.
[36] Bickel, P.J. and Ritov, Y. (1992). Testing for goodness of fit: A new approach., In Nonparametric Statistics and Related Topics (A.K.Md.E. Saleh, ed.) Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 51–57.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1226715
[37] Bickel, P.J. and Ritov, Y. (1996). Inference in hidden Markov models I: Local asymptotic normality in the stationary case., Bernoulli 2 199–228.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1416863
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/3318520
Project Euclid: euclid.bj/1178291719
[38] Bickel, P.J. and Rosenblatt,M. (1973). On some global measures of the deviations of density function estimates., Ann. Statist. 1 1071–1095.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR348906
Zentralblatt MATH: 0275.62033
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aos/1176342558
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/1176342558
[39] Black, F. and Scholes, M. (1973). The pricing of options and corporate liabilities., J. Polit. Economy 81 637–654.
[40] Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity., J. Econometrics 31 307–327.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR853051
Zentralblatt MATH: 0865.62085
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1
[41] Bollerslev, T., Chou, R. and Kroner, K.F. (1992). ARCH modeling in finance: A review of the theory and empirical evidence., J. Econometrics 52 5–59.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1807787
Zentralblatt MATH: 0961.62092
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(00)00052-X
[42] Bollerslev, T., Engle, R.F. and Nelson, D.B. (1994). ARCH models in finance., In Handbook of Econometrics (R.F. Engle and D.L. McFadden, eds.), Vol. IV, Chapter 49. Elsevier Sciences B.V., Amsterdam.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1315984
[43] Box, G.E.P. and Pierce, D.A. (1970). Distribution of residual autocorrelations in autoregressive-integrated moving average time series models., J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 65 1509–1526.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR273762
Zentralblatt MATH: 0224.62041
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2284333
[44] Bradley, R.C. (2005). Basic properties of strong mixing conditions. A survey and some open questions., Probab. Surveys 2 107–144.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2178042
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/154957805100000104
Project Euclid: euclid.ps/1115386870
[45] Brennan, M.J. and Schwartz, E.S. (1979). A continuous-time approach to the pricing of bonds., J. Banking Finance 3 133–155.
[46] Broto, C. and Ruiz, E. (2004). Estimation methods for stochastic volatility models: a survey., J. Econ. Surveys 18 613–649.
[47] Brown, S.J. (1990). Estimating volatility. In S. Figlewski, W. Silber, and M. Subrahmanyam (eds), Financial Options: From Theory to Practice pp. 516–537. Homewood, IL: Business One-Irwin.
[48] Chan, K.C., Karolyi, A.G., Longstaff, F.A. and Sanders, A.B. (1992). An empirical comparison of alternative models of the short-term interest rate., J. Finance 47 1209–1227.
[49] Chen, S., Härdle, W. and Li, M. (2003). An empirical likelihood goodness-of-fit test for time series., J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 65 663–678.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1998627
Zentralblatt MATH: 1063.62064
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00408
[50] Chib, S., Nardari, F. and Shephard, N. (2002). Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for stochastic volatility models., J. Econometrics 108 281–316.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1894758
Zentralblatt MATH: 1099.62539
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00137-3
[51] Constantinides, G.M. (1992). A theory of the nominal term structure of interest rates., Rev. Finan. Stud. 5 531–552.
[52] Courtadon, G. (1982). The pricing of options on default-free bonds., J. Finan. Quant. Anal. 17 75–100.
[53] Cox, J.C., Ingersoll, J.E. and Ross, S.A. (1985). A theory of the term structure of interest rates., Econometrica 53 385–403.
[54] Davydov, Y.A. (1973). Mixing conditions for Markov chains., Theory Probab. Appl. 27 312–328.
[55] Dedecker, J. and Merlevède, P. (2003). The conditional central limit theorem in Hilbert spaces., Stoch. Proc. Appl. 108 229–262.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2019054
Zentralblatt MATH: 1075.60501
[56] Dedecker, J. and Prieur, C. (2005). New dependence coefficients. Examples and applications to statistics., Probab. Th. Rel. Fields 132 203–236.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2199291
Zentralblatt MATH: 1061.62058
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/s00440-004-0394-3
[57] Degiannakis, S. and Xekalaki, E. (2004). Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) models: A review., Qual. Technol. Quant. Manage. 1 271–324.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2163435
[58] Dehling, H., Denker, M. and Philipp, W. (1986). Central limit theorems for mixing sequences of random variables under minimal conditions., Ann. Probab. 14 1359–1370.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR866356
Zentralblatt MATH: 0605.60027
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aop/1176992376
Project Euclid: euclid.aop/1176992376
[59] Delattre, S. and Jacod, J. (1997). A central limit theorem for normalized functions of the increments of a diffusion process, in the presence of round-off errors., Bernoulli 3 1–28.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1466543
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/3318650
Project Euclid: euclid.bj/1178291930
[60] Duffie, D. (2001)., Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory, 3rd ed. Princeton University Press.
[61] Duffie, D. and Singleton, K.J. (1993). Simulated moments estimation of Markov models of asset prices., Econometrica 61 929–952.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1231682
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2951768
[62] Duffie, D. and Kan, R. (1996). A yield-factor model of interest rates., Math. Finance 6 379–406.
[63] Duffie, D. and Glynn, P. (2004). Estimation of continuous-time Markov processes sampled at random time intervals., Econometrica 72 1773–1808.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2095532
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00553.x
[64] Duffie, D., Pan, J. and Singleton, K. (2000). Transform analysis and asset pricing for affine jump-diffusions., Econometrica 68 1343–1376.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1793362
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00164
[65] Eberlein, E., Jacod, J. and Raible, S. (2005). Levy term structure models: No-arbitrage and completeness., Finance Stochastics 9 67–88.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2210928
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/s00780-004-0138-3
[66] Eberlein, E. and Keller, U. (1995). Hyperbolic distributions in finance., Bernoulli 1 281–299.
[67] Eberlein, E., Keller, U. and Prause, K. (1998). New insights into smile, mispricing, and value at risk: the hyperbolic model., J. Bus. 71 371–405.
[68] Eberlein, E. and Raible, S. (1999). Term structure models driven by general Lévy processes., Math. Finance 9 31–53.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1849355
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1467-9965.00062
[69] Engle, R.F. (1982). Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of U.K. inflation., Econometrica 50 987–1008.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR666121
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/1912773
[70] Engle, R.F. and Russell, J.R. (1998). Autoregressive conditional duration: A new model for irregularly spaced transaction data., Econometrica 66 1127–1162.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1639411
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2999632
[71] Eubank, R.L. and Speckman, P.L. (1993). Confidence bands in nonparametric regression., J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 88 1287–1301.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1245362
Zentralblatt MATH: 0792.62030
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2291269
[72] Eubank, R.L. and Spiegelman, C.H. (1990). Testing the goodness of fit of a linear model via nonparametric regression techniques., J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 85 387–392.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1141739
Zentralblatt MATH: 0702.62037
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2289774
[73] Fama, E.F. (1965). The behavior of stock-market prices., J. Bus. 38 34–105.
[74] Fan, J. (1991). On the optimal rates of convergence for nonparametric deconvolution problems., Ann. Statist. 19 1257–1272.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1126324
Zentralblatt MATH: 0729.62033
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aos/1176348248
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/1176348248
[75] Fan, J. (2005). A selective overview of nonparametric methods in financial econometrics., Statist. Sci. 20 317–337.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2210224
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/088342305000000412
Project Euclid: euclid.ss/1137076647
[76] Fan, J. and Yao, Q. (1998). Efficient estimation of conditional variance functions in stochastic regression., Biometrika 85 645–660.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1665822
Zentralblatt MATH: 0918.62065
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1093/biomet/85.3.645
[77] Fan, J. and Yao, Q. (2003)., Nonlinear Time Series: Nonparametric and Parametric Methods. Springer, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1964455
[78] Fan, J. and Zhang, C. (2003). A reexamination of diffusion estimators with applications to financial model validation., J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 98 118–134.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1965679
Zentralblatt MATH: 1073.62571
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1198/016214503388619157
[79] Fan, J., Zhang, C. and Zhang, J. (2001). Generalized likelihood ratio statistics and Wilks phenomenon., Ann. Statist. 29 153–193.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1833962
Zentralblatt MATH: 1029.62042
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aos/996986505
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/996986505
[80] Fan, Y. and Li, Q. (1996). Consistent model specification tests: Omitted variables and semiparametric functional forms., Econometrica 64 865–890.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1399221
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2171848
[81] Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2007). The foreign exchange and interest rate derivatives markets: turnover in the United States. April, 2007.
[82] Florens-Zmirou, D. (1993). On estimating the diffusioin coefficient from discrete observations., J. Appl. Probab. 30 790–804.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1242012
Zentralblatt MATH: 0796.62070
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/3214513
[83] Foster, Dean P. and Nelson, D.B. (1996). Continuous record asymptotics for rolling sample variance estimators., Econometrica 64 139–174.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1366144
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2171927
[84] Franke, J., Härdle, W. and Hafner, C. (2004)., Statistics Of Financial Markets: An Introduction. Springer-Verlag.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2102757
[85] Gallant, A.R., Hsieh, D. and Tauchen, G. (1997). Estimation of stochastic volatility model with diagnostics., J. Econometrics 81 159–192.
[86] Gallant, A.R. and Tauchen, G. (1996). Which moments to match?, Econometric Theory 12 657–681.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1422547
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1017/S0266466600006976
[87] Gao, J. (2007)., Nonlinear Time Series: Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2297190
[88] Gao, J. and King, M. (2004). Adaptive testing in continuous-time diffusion models., Econometric Theory 20 844–882.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2089144
Zentralblatt MATH: 1071.62068
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1017/S0266466604205023
[89] Genon-Catalot, V., Jeantheau, T. and Larédo, C. (1999). Parameter estimation for discretely observed stochastic volatility models., Bernoulli 5 855–872.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1715442
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/3318447
Project Euclid: euclid.bj/1171290402
[90] Genon-Catalot, V., Jeantheau, T. and Larédo, C. (2000). Stochastic volatility models as hidden Markov models and statistical applications., Bernoulli 6 1051–1079.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1809735
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/3318471
Project Euclid: euclid.bj/1081194160
[91] Ghysels, E., Harvey, A.C. and Renault, E. (1996). Stochastic volatility. In G.S. Maddala and C. R. Rao (eds.), Statistical Methods in Finance, pp. 119–191. North Holland, Amsterdam.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1602104
[92] (1997)., ARCH Models and Financial Applications. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1439744
[93] Haggan, V. and Ozaki, T. (1981). Modelling nonlinear random vibrations using an amplitudedependent autoregressive time series model., Biometrika 68 189–196.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR614955
Zentralblatt MATH: 0462.62070
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1093/biomet/68.1.189
[94] Hannan, E.J. (1979). The central limit theorem for time series regression., Stoch. Proc. Appl. 9 281–289.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR562049
Zentralblatt MATH: 0421.60018
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/0304-4149(79)90050-4
[95] Hansen, L.P. (1982). Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators., Econometrica 50 1029–1054.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR666123
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/1912775
[96] Hansen, P.R. and Lunde, A. (2006). Realized variance and market microstructure noise (with comments and a joinder by the authors)., J. Bus. Econom. Statist. 24 127–218.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2234447
[97] Hansen, L.P. and Scheinkman, J.A. (1995). Back to the future: Generating moment implications for continuous time Markov processes., Econometrica 63 767–804.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1343081
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2171800
[98] Härdle, W. (1989). Asymptotic maximal deviation of M-smoothers., J. Multivariate Anal. 29 163–179.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1004333
Zentralblatt MATH: 0667.62028
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/0047-259X(89)90022-5
[99] Härdle, W. and Mammen, E. (1993). Comparing nonparametric versus parametric regression fits., Ann. Statist. 21 1926–1947.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1245774
Zentralblatt MATH: 0795.62036
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aos/1176349403
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/1176349403
[100] Harvey, A.C., Ruiz, E. and Shephard, N. (1994). Multivariate stochastic variance models., Rev. Econ. Stud. 61 247–264.
[101] Harvey, A.C. and Shephard, N. (1996). The estimation of an asymmetric stochastic volatility model for asset returns., J. Bus. Econ. Statist. 14 429–434.
[102] Hong, Y. and Li, H. (2005). Nonparametric specification testing for continuous-time models with applications to term structure of interest rates., Rev. Finan. Stud. 18 37–84.
[103] Hong, Y. and White, H. (1995). Consistent specification testing via nonparametric series regression., Econometrica 63 1133–1159.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1348516
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2171724
[104] Horowitz, J. and Spokoiny, V.G. (2001). An adaptive, rate-optimal test of a parametric mean-regression model against a nonparametric alternative., Econometrica 69 599–632.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1828537
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00207
[105] Hull, J. (2005)., Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives, 6th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
[106] Hull, J. and White, A. (1987). The pricing of options on assets with stochastic volatilities., J. Finance 42 281–300.
[107] Jacod, J. and Protter, P. (1998). Asymptotic error distributions for the Euler method for stochastic differential equations., Ann. Probab. 26 267–307.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1617049
Zentralblatt MATH: 0937.60060
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aop/1022855419
Project Euclid: euclid.aop/1022855419
[108] Jacquier, E., Polson, N.G. and Rossi, P.E. (1994). Bayesian analysis of stochastic volatility models (with discussion)., J. Bus. Econ. Statist. 12 371–417.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1940631
[109] Jacquier, E., Polson, N.G. and Rossi, P.E. (2004). Bayesian analysis of stochastic volatility models with fat-tails and correlated errors., J. Econometrics 122 185–212.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2083256
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2003.09.001
[110] Jang, J. (2007). Jump diffusion processes and their applications in insurance and finance., Ins.: Mathematics Econ. 41 62–70
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2324566
[111] Jarrow, R.A. and Rosenfeld, E.R. (1984). Jump risks and the intertemporal capital asset pricing model., J. Bus. 57 337–351.
[112] Jiang, G.J. and Knight, J. (1997). A nonparametric approach to the estimation of diffusion processes, with an application to a short-term interest rate model., Econometric Theory 13 615–645.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1491253
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1017/S0266466600006101
[113] Johnston, G.J. (1982). Probabilities of maximal deviations for nonparametric regression function estimates., J. Multivariate Anal. 12 402–414.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR666014
Zentralblatt MATH: 0497.62038
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/0047-259X(82)90074-4
[114] Jones, G.L. (2004). On the Markov chain central limit theorem., Probab. Surveys 1 299–320.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2068475
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/154957804100000051
Project Euclid: euclid.ps/1104335301
[115], Jorion, P. (1988). On jump processes in the foreign exchange and stock markets. Rev. Finan. Stud. 1 427–445.
[116] Karatzas, I. and Shreve, S.E. (1991)., Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus. Springer-Verlag, 2nd ed.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1121940
[117] Karlin, S. and Taylor, H.M. (1981)., A Second Course in Stochastic Processes, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR611513
Zentralblatt MATH: 0469.60001
[118] Kessler, M. and Sørensen, M. (1999). Estimating equations based on eigenfunctions for a discretely observed diffusion process., Bernoulli 5 299–314.
[119] Kim, S., Shephard, N. and Chib, S. (1998). Stochastic volatility: likelihood inference and comparison with ARCH models., Rev. Econ. Stud. 65 361–393.
[120] Kim, K. and Wu, W.B. (2007). Density estimation for nonlinear time series., Manuscript.
[121] Knafl, G., Sacks, J. and Ylvisaker, D. (1985). Confidence bands for regression functions., J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 80 683–691.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR803261
Zentralblatt MATH: 0577.62043
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2288485
[122] Kou, S.G. (2002). A jump-diffusion model for option pricing., Manage. Sci. 48 1086–1101.
[123] Kristensen, D. (2004). Estimation in two classes of semiparametric diffusion models., Manuscript.
[124] Lee, S. and Mykland, P. (2007). Jumps in financial markets: A new nonparametric test and jump dynamics. To appear, Rev. Finan. Stud..
[125] Leroux, B.G. (1992). Maximum-likelihood estimation for hidden Markov models., Stoch. Proc. Appl. 40 127–143.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1145463
Zentralblatt MATH: 0738.62081
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/0304-4149(92)90141-C
[126] Li, Y. and Mykland, P.A. (2007). Are volatility estimators robust with respect to modeling assumptions?, Bernoulli 13 601–622.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2348742
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.3150/07-BEJ6067
Project Euclid: euclid.bj/1186503478
[127] Li, Q. and Racine, J.S. (2007)., Nonparametric Econometrics: Theory and Practice. Princeton University Press.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2283034
Zentralblatt MATH: 05138331
[128] Liesenfeld, R. and Jung, R.C. (2000). Stochastic volatility models: Conditional normality versus heavy-tailed distributions., J. Appl. Econometrics 15 137–160
[129] Liu, J., Longstaff, F.A. and Pan, J. (2003). Dynamic asset allocation with event risk., J. Finance 58 231–259.
[130] Liu, M.C. and Taylor, L. (1989). A consistent nonparametric density estimator for the deconvolution problem., Canad. J. Statist. 17 427–438.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1047309
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/3315482
[131] Ljung, G.M. and Box, G.E.P. (1978). On a measure of lack of fit in time series models., Biometrika 65 297–303.
[132] Mandelbrot, B. (1963). The variation of certain speculative prices., J. Bus. 36 394–419.
[133] Marsh, T.A and Rosenfeld, E.R. (1983). Stochastic processes for interest rates and equilibrium bond prices., J. Finance 38 634–646.
[134] Melino, A. and Turnbull, S.M. (1990). Pricing foreign currency options with stochastic volatility., J. Econometrics 45 239–265.
[135] Merton, R.C. (1974). On the pricing of corporate debt: The risk structure of interest rates., J. Finance 29 449–470.
[136] Merton, R.C. (1976). Option pricing when underlying stock returns are discontinuous., J. Finan. Econ. 3 125–144.
[137] Mykland, P.A. and Zhang, L. (2006). ANOVA for diffusions and Ito processes., Ann. Statist. 34 1931–1963.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2283722
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/009053606000000452
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/1162567638
[138] Neftci, S.N. (1996)., An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives. Academic Press, San Diego.
[139] Nelson, D. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach., Econometrica 59 347–370.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1097532
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2938260
[140] Nolan, J.P. (2001). Maximum likelihood estimation of stable parameters. In: Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E., Mikosch, T. and Resnick, I., eds., Lévy Processes: Theory and Applications. Birkhäuser, Boston.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1833689
[141] Oldfield, G.S., Rogalski, R.J. and Jarrow, R.A. (1977). An autoregressive jump process for common stock returns., J. Finan. Econ. 5 389–418.
[142] Omori, Y., Chib, S., Shephard, N. and Nakajima, J. (2007). Stochastic volatility with leverage: Fast and efficient likelihood inference., J. Econometrics 140 425–449.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2408914
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2006.07.008
[143] Ramezani, C.A. and Zeng, Y. (2007). Maximum likelihood estimation of the double exponential jump-diffusion process., Ann. Finance 3 487–507.
[144] Ruiz, E. (1994). Quasi-maximum likelihood estimation of stochastic volatility models., J. Econometrics 63 289–306.
[145] Schick, A. and Wefelmeyer, W. (2007). Uniformly root-n consistent density estimators for weakly dependent invertible linear processes., Ann. Statist. 35 815–843.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2336870
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/009053606000001352
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/1183667295
[146] Scott, L.O. (1987). Option pricing when the variance changes randomly: Theory, estimation and an application., J. Finan. Quant. Anal. 22 419–438.
[147] Silverman, B.W. (1986)., Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall, London.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR848134
Zentralblatt MATH: 0617.62042
[148] Shephard, N. (1996). Statistical aspects of ARCH and stochastic volatility. In O.E. Barndorff-Nielsen, D.R. Cox and D.V. Hinkley (eds.)., Statistical Models in Econometrisc, Finance and Other Fields pp. 1–7. Chapman & Hall, London.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1398214
[149] Stanton, R. (1997). A nonparametric model of term structure dynamics and the market price of interest rate risk., J. Finance 52 1973–2002.
[150] Steele, J.M. (2001)., Stochastic Calculus and Financial Applications. Springer, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1783083
Zentralblatt MATH: 0962.60001
[151] Stefanski, L.A. and Carroll, R.J. (1987). Conditional scores and optimal scores for generalized linear measurement-error models., Biometrika 74 703–716.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR919838
Zentralblatt MATH: 0632.62052
[152] Taylor, S. (1986)., Modeling Financial Time Series. Wiley, Chichester.
[153] Taylor, S.J. (1994). Modeling stochastic volatility: A review and comparative study., Math. Finance 4 183–204.
[154] Tong, H. (1990)., Nonlinear Time Series Analysis: A Dynamic Approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1079320
[155] Tsay, R.S. (2002)., Analysis of Financial Time Series. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2162112
[156] Vasicek, O.A. (1977). An equilibrium characterization of the term structure., J. Finan. Econ. 5 177–188.
[157] Veretennikov, A.Y. (1997). On polynomial mixing bounds for stochastic differential equations., Stoch. Proc. Appl. 70 115–127.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1472961
Zentralblatt MATH: 0911.60042
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/S0304-4149(97)00056-2
[158] Wiggins, J. (1987). Option values under stochastic volatility: Theory and empirical estimates., J. Finan. Econ. 19 351–372.
[159] Woerner, J.H. (2004). Purely discontinuous Lévy Processes and Power Variation: Inference for integrated volatility and the scale parameter., Manuscript.
[160] Wu, W.B. (2005). Nonlinear system theory: Another look at dependence., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 14150–14154.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2172215
Zentralblatt MATH: 1135.62075
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1073/pnas.0506715102
[161] Wu, W.B. (2007). Strong invariance principles for dependent random variables., Ann. Probab. 35 2294–2320.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2353389
Zentralblatt MATH: 1166.60307
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/009117907000000060
Project Euclid: euclid.aop/1191860422
[162] Wu, W.B. and Mielniczuk, J. (2002). Kernel density estimation for linear processes., Ann. Statist. 30 1441–1459.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1936325
Zentralblatt MATH: 1015.62034
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aos/1035844982
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/1035844982
[163] Wu, W.B. and Shao, X. (2004). Limit theorems for iterated random functions., J. Appl. Probab. 41 425–436.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2052582
Zentralblatt MATH: 1046.60024
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1239/jap/1082999076
Project Euclid: euclid.jap/1082999076
[164] Wu, W.B. and Zhao, Z. (2007). Inference of trends in time series., J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 69 391–410.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2323759
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2007.00594.x
[165] Yu, J. (2005). On leverage in a stochastic volatility model., J. Econometrics 127 165–178.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2166061
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2004.08.002
[166] Zeng, Y. (2003). A partially observed model for micromovement of asset prices with Bayes estimation via filtering., Math. Finance 13 411–444.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1995285
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1111/1467-9965.t01-1-00022
[167] Zhang, L. (2006). Efficient estimation of stochastic volatility using noisy observations: a multi-scale approach., Bernoulli 12 1019–1043.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2274854
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.3150/bj/1165269149
Project Euclid: euclid.bj/1165269149
[168] Zhang, L., Mykland, P.A. and Aït-Sahalia, Y. (2005). A tale of two time scales: Determining integrated volatility with noisy high-frequency data., J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 100 1394–1411.
[169] Zhang, M.Y., Russell, J.R. and Tsay, R.S. (2001). A nonlinear autoregressive conditional duration model with applications to financial transaction data., J. Econometrics 104 179–207.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1862032
Zentralblatt MATH: 1108.62336
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00063-X
[170] Zhao, Z. (2008a). Nonparametric model validations for hidden Markov models with applications in financial econometrics., Manuscript.
[171] Zhao, Z. (2008b). Efficient estimation for nonlinear models with conditional heteroscedasticity., Manuscript.
[172] Zhao, Z. and Wu, W.B. (2006). Kernel quantile regression for nonlinear stochastic models. Technical report, Department of Statistics, University of, Chicago.
[173] Zhao, Z. and Wu, W.B. (2007). Confidence bands in nonparametric time series regression. To appear, Ann. Statist.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2435458
Zentralblatt MATH: 1142.62346
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/07-AOS533
Project Euclid: euclid.aos/1216237302
[174] Zhao, Z. and Wu, W.B. (2008). Nonparametric inference of discretely sampled Lévy processes., Manuscript.
[175] Zhou, B. (1996). High-frequency data and volatility in foreign-exchange rates., J. Bus. Econ. Statist. 14 45–52.
previous :: next

2013 © The author, under a Creative Commons Attribution License

Statistics Surveys

Statistics Surveys

Turn MathJax Off
What is MathJax?