We characterize priors which asymptotically match the posterior
coverage probability of a Bayesian prediction region with the corresponding
frequentist coverage probability. This is done considering both posterior
quantiles and highest predictive density regions with reference to a future
observation. The resulting priors are shown to be invariant under
reparameterization. The role of Jeffreys’ prior in this regard is also
investigated. It is further shown that, for any given prior, it may be possible
to choose an interval whose Bayesian predictive and frequentist coverage
probabilities are asymptotically matched.
References
Aitchison, J. and Dunsmore, I. R. (1975). Statistical Prediction Analysis. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E. and Cox, D. R. (1996). Prediction and asymptotics. Bernoulli 2 319- 340.
Bickel, P. J. and Ghosh, J. K. (1990). A decomposition for the likelihood ratio statistic and the Bartlett correction- a Bayesian argument. Ann. Statist. 18 1070-1090.
Datta, G. S. (1996). On priors providing frequentist validity for Bayesian inference for multiple parametric functions. Biometrika 83 287-298.
Datta, G. S. and Ghosh, J. K. (1995). On priors providing frequentist validity for Bayesian inference. Biometrika 82 37-45.
Datta, G. S. and Ghosh, M. (1996). On the invariance of noninformative priors. Ann. Statist. 24 141-159.
DiCiccio, T. J. and Stern, S. E. (1994). Frequentist and Bayesian Bartlett correction of test statistics based on adjusted profile likelihoods. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 56 397-408.
Geisser, S. (1993). Predictive Inference: An Introduction. Chapman-Hall, New York.
Ghosh, J. K. and Mukerjee, R. (1991). Characterization of priors under which Bayesian and frequentist Bartlett corrections are equivalent in the multiparameter case. J. Multivariate Anal. 38 385-393.
Ghosh, J. K. and Mukerjee, R. (1992). Non-informative priors. In Bayesian Statistics (J. M. Bernardo, J. O. Berger, A. P. Dawid and A. F. M. Smith, eds.) 195-210. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Ghosh, J. K. and Mukerjee, R. (1993). Frequentist validity of highest posterior density regions in multiparameter case. Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. 45 293-302.
Jeffreys, H. (1961). Theory of Probability. Oxford Univ. Press.
Johnson, R. A. (1970). Asymptotic expansions associated with posterior distributions. Ann. Math. Statist. 45 851-864.
Komaki, F. (1996). On asymptotic properties of predictive distributions. Biometrika 83 299-314.
Kuboki, H. (1998). Reference priors for prediction. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 69 295-317.
Mukerjee, R. and Dey, D. K. (1993). Frequentist validity of posterior quantiles in the presence of a nuisance parameter: higher order asymptotics. Biometrika 80 499-505.
Mukerjee, R. and Ghosh, M. (1997). Second-order probability matching priors. Biometrika 84 970-975.
Nicolaou, A. (1993). Bayesian intervals with good frequentist behaviour in the presence of nuisance parameters. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 55 377-390.
Peers, H. W. (1965). On confidence sets and Bayesian probability points in the case of several parameters. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 27 9-16.
Rousseau, J. (1997). Propri´et´es Asymptotiques des estimateurs de Bayes. Ph.D. dissertation, Laboratoire de Statistiques, Th´eoriques et Appliqu´ees, Paris VI.
Severini, T. A. (1991). On the relationship between Bayesian and non-Bayesian interval estimates. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 53 611-618.
Severini, T. A. (1993). Bayesian interval estimates which are also confidence intervals. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 55 533-540.
1426 DATTA, MUKERJEE, GHOSH AND SWEETING
Stein, C. (1985). On the coverage probability of confidence sets based on a prior distribution. In Sequential Methods in Statistics. Banach Center Publications 16 485-514. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw.
Sun, D. and Ye, K. (1996). Frequentist validity of posterior quantiles for a two-parameter exponential family. Biometrika 83 55-65.
Sweeting, T. J. (1995). A framework for Bayesian and likelihood approximations in Statistics. Biometrika 82 1-23.
Sweeting, T. J. (1999). On the construction of Bayes-confidence regions. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 61 849-861.
Tibshirani, R. J. (1989). Noninformative priors for one parameter of many. Biometrika 76 604- 608.
Vidoni, P. A. (1998). A note on modified estimative prediction limits and distributions. Biometrika 85 949-953.
Welch, B. and Peers, H. W. (1963). On formulae for confidence points based on integrals of weighted likelihoods. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 25 318-329.