The Annals of Probability

Boundary and Entropy of Space Homogeneous Markov Chains

Vadim A. Kaimanovich and Wolfgang Woess
Source: Ann. Probab. Volume 30, Number 1 (2002), 323-363.

Abstract

We study the Poisson boundary ($\equiv$ representation of bounded harmonic functions) of Markov operators on discrete state spaces that are invariant under the action of a transitive group of permutations. This automorphism group is locally compact, but not necessarily discrete or unimodular. The main technical tool is the entropy theory which we develop along the same lines as in the case of random walks on countable groups, while, however, the implementation is different and exploits discreteness of the state space on the one hand and the path space of the induced random walk on the nondiscrete group on the other. Various new examples are given as applications, including a description of the Poisson boundary for random walks on vertex-transitive graphs with infinitely many ends and on the Diestel-Leader graphs.

First Page: Show Hide
Primary Subjects: 60J50
Secondary Subjects: 05C25, 22F30, 60B15, 60G50
Full-text: Open access
Links and Identifiers

Permanent link to this document: http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aop/1020107770
Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet): MR
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aop/1020107770
Zentralblatt MATH identifier: 1021.60056

References

[1] AVEZ, A. (1972). Entropie des groupes de type fini. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. A-B 275 1363- 1366.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR48:3090
[2] BENJAMINI, I., LYONS, R., PERES, Y. and SCHRAMM, O. (1999). Group-invariant percolation on graphs. Geom. Funct. Anal. 9 29-66.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR99m:60149
Zentralblatt MATH: 0924.43002
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/s000390050080
[3] BERTACCHI, D. (2001). Random walks on Diestel-Leader graphs. Abh. Math. Sem. Univ. Hamburg 71 205-224.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1873044
Zentralblatt MATH: 0992.60052
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02941472
[4] BLOOM, W. R. and HEYER, H. (1995). Harmonic Analysis of Probability Measures on Hypergroups. de Gruyter, Berlin.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR96a:43001
Zentralblatt MATH: 0828.43005
[5] CARNE, T. K. (1985). A transmutation formula for Markov chains. Bull. Sci. Math. 109 399- 405.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR87m:60142
[6] CARTWRIGHT, D. I., KAIMANOVICH, V. A. and WOESS, W. (1994). Random walks on the affine group of a homogeneous tree. Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 44 1243-1288.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR96f:60121
Zentralblatt MATH: 0809.60010
[7] COORNAERT, M., DELZANT, T. and PAPADOPOULOS, A. (1990). Géométrie et Théorie des Groupes: les Groupes Hyperboliques de Gromov. Lecture Notes in Math. 1441. Springer, Berlin.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1075994
[8] DERRIENNIC, Y. (1976). Lois "zéro ou deux" pour les processus de Markov, applications aux marches aléatoires. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Sec. B 12 111-129.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR423532
[9] DERRIENNIC, Y. (1980). Quelques applications du théorème ergodique sous-additif. Astérisque 74 183-201.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR82e:60013
[10] DERRIENNIC, Y. (1986). Entropie, théorèmes limites et marches aléatoires. Lecture Notes in Math. 1210 241-284. Springer, Berlin.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR89f:60076b
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BFb0077188
[11] DICKS, W. and DUNWOODY, M. J. (1989). Groups Acting on Graphs. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR91b:20001
Zentralblatt MATH: 0665.20001
[12] DODZIUK, J. (1984). Difference equations, isoperimetric inequality, and transience of certain random walks. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 284 787-794.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR85m:58185
Zentralblatt MATH: 0512.39001
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/1999107
[13] DUNWOODY, M. J. (1982). Cutting up graphs. Combinatorica 2 15-23.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR84k:05050
Zentralblatt MATH: 0504.05035
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02579278
[14] DYNKIN, E. B. (1982). Markov Processes and Related Problems of Analysis. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR84c:60092
[15] FREUDENTHAL, H. (1944). Über die Enden diskreter Räume und Gruppen. Comment. Math. Helv. 17 1-38.
[16] FURSTENBERG, H. (1973). Boundary theory and stochastic processes on homogeneous spaces. Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 26 193-229.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR50:4815
Zentralblatt MATH: 0289.22011
[17] GHYS, E. and DE LA HARPE, P. (eds.) (1990). Sur les Groupes Hyperboliques d'après Mikhael Gromov. Birkhäuser, Boston.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR92f:53050
[18] GRIGORCHUK, R. I. and DE LA HARPE, P. (1997). On problems related to growth, entropy and spectrum in group theory. J. Dynam. Control Systems 3 55-89.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR98d:20039
Zentralblatt MATH: 0949.20033
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02471762
[19] GROMOV, M. (1987). Hyperbolic groups. In Essays in Group Theory (S. M. Gersten, ed.) 75- 263. Springer, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR89e:20070
[20] IMRICH, W. and SEIFTER, N. (1991). A survey on graphs with polynomial growth. Discrete Math. 95 101-117.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR92j:05090
Zentralblatt MATH: 0761.05048
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/0012-365X(91)90332-V
[21] JEWETT, R. I. (1975). Spaces with an abstract convolution of measures. Adv. Math. 18 1-101.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR52:14840
Zentralblatt MATH: 0325.42017
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1016/0001-8708(75)90002-X
[22] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. (1988). Brownian motion on foliations: entropy, invariant measures, mixing. Funct. Anal. Appl. 22 326-328.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR91b:58124
[23] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. (1991). Poisson boundaries of random walks on discrete solvable groups. In Proceedings of Conference on Probability Measures on Groups (H. Heyer, ed.) 205-238. Plenum, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR94m:60014
Zentralblatt MATH: 0823.60006
[24] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. (1992). Measure-theoretic boundaries of Markov chains, 0-2 laws and entropy. In Proceedings of the Conference on Harmonic Analysis and Discrete Potential Theory (M. A. Picardello, ed.) 145-180. Plenum, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR94h:60099
[25] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. (1995). The Poisson boundary of covering Markov operators. Israel J. Math. 89 77-134.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR96k:60194
Zentralblatt MATH: 0843.43001
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02808195
[26] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. (1996). Boundaries of invariant Markov operators: the identification problem. In Ergodic Theory of Zd Actions (M. Pollicott and K. Schmidt, eds.) 127-176. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR97j:31008
Zentralblatt MATH: 0848.60073
[27] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. (1998). Hausdorff dimension of the harmonic measure on trees. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 18 631-660.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR99g:60123
Zentralblatt MATH: 0960.60047
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1017/S0143385798108180
[28] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. (2000). The Poisson formula for groups with hyperbolic properties. Ann. Math. 152 659-692.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2002d:60064
Zentralblatt MATH: 0984.60088
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2307/2661351
[29] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. and VERSHIK, A. M. (1983). Random walks on discrete groups: boundary and entropy. Ann. Probab. 11 457-490.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR85d:60024
Zentralblatt MATH: 0641.60009
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/aop/1176993497
Project Euclid: euclid.aop/1176993497
[30] KAIMANOVICH, V. A. and WOESS, W. (1995). Construction of discrete, non-unimodular hypergroups. In Probability Measures on Groups and Related Structures, XI (H. Heyer, ed.) 196-209. World Scientific, River Edge, NJ.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR97j:43003
Zentralblatt MATH: 0908.43004
[31] KINGMAN, J. F. C. (1968). The ergodic theory of subadditive processes. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 30 499-510.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR40:8114
[32] LEDRAPPIER, F. (1985). Poisson boundaries of discrete groups of matrices. Israel J. Math. 50 319-336.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR87a:60017
Zentralblatt MATH: 0574.60012
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02759763
[33] LEDRAPPIER, F. (1992). Sharp estimates for the entropy. In Proceedings of the Conference on Harmonic Analysis and Discrete Potential Theory (M. A. Picardello, ed.) 281-288. Plenum, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR94d:60013
[34] MÖLLER, R. G. (1992). Ends of graphs II. Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 111 455-460.
Zentralblatt MATH: 0755.05077
[35] PAVONE, M. (1989). Boundaries of discrete groups, Toeplitz operators and extensions of the reduced C -algebra. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. California, Berkeley.
[36] ROKHLIN, V. A. (1996). Lectures on the entropy theory of measure preserving transformations. Russian Math. Surveys 22 1-52.
[37] SALOFF-COSTE, L. and WOESS, W. (1996). Computing norms of group-invariant transition operators. Combin. Probab. Comput. 4 419-442.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR97k:60192
Zentralblatt MATH: 0865.60006
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1017/S0963548300001942
[38] SALOFF-COSTE, L. and WOESS, W. (1997). Transition operators, groups, norms, and spectral radii. Pacific J. Math. 180 333-367.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR99g:43005
Zentralblatt MATH: 0899.60005
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.2140/pjm.1997.180.333
[39] SCHLICHTING, G. (1979). Polynomidentitäten und Permutationsdarstellungen lokalkompakter Gruppen. Invent. Math. 55 97-106.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR81d:22006
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF01390083
[40] SOARDI, P. M. and WOESS, W. (1990). Amenability, unimodularity, and the spectral radius of random walks on infinite graphs. Math.205 471-486.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR91m:43002
Zentralblatt MATH: 0693.43001
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02571256
[41] THOMASSEN, C. and WOESS, W. (1993). Vertex-transitive graphs and accessibility. J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 58 248-268.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR94f:05070
Zentralblatt MATH: 0793.05073
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1006/jctb.1993.1042
[42] TROFIMOV, V. I. (1985). Graphs with polynomial growth. Math. USSR Sb. 51 405-417.
Zentralblatt MATH: 0565.05035
[43] TROFIMOV, V. I. (1985). Automorphism groups of graphs as topological groups. Math. Notes 38 717-720.
Zentralblatt MATH: 0596.05033
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR811571
[44] VAROPOULOS, N. TH. (1985). Long range estimates for Markov chains. Bull. Sci. Math. 109 225-252.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR87j:60100
[45] WOESS, W. (1989). Amenable group actions on infinite graphs. Math. Ann. 284 251-265.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR90m:43003
Zentralblatt MATH: 0648.43002
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF01442875
[46] WOESS, W. (1989). Boundaries of random walks on graphs and groups with infinitely many ends. Israel J. Math. 68 271-301.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR91e:60222
Zentralblatt MATH: 0723.60009
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02764985
[47] WOESS, W. (1993). Fixed sets and free subgroups of groups acting on metric spaces. Math.214 425-440.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR94m:54093
Zentralblatt MATH: 0892.54022
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02572415
[48] WOESS, W. (1994). Topological groups and recurrence of quasi transitive graphs. Rend. Sem. Mat. Fis. Milano 64 185-213.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR97i:60092
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF02925198
[49] WOESS, W. (2000). Random Walks on Infinite Graphs and Groups. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR2001k:60006
IRMAR, UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES-1 35042 RENNES FRANCE E-MAIL: kaimanov@univ-rennes1.fr INSTITUT FÜR MATHEMATIK TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT GRAZ 8010 GRAZ AUSTRIA E-MAIL: woess@tugraz.at

2013 © Institute of Mathematical Statistics

The Annals of Probability

The Annals of Probability

Turn MathJax Off
What is MathJax?