We study the evolution in time of the joint distribution of a pair
of Feller processes, related by the fact that some random time ago
they were identical, evolving as a single Feller process; from
that time on, they began to evolve independently, conditional on a
state at the time of split, according to the same Feller
transition probabilities. Such processes are involved in the
Fisher-Wright model: the distribution of the time counted
backwards from the present to the time of split in the past is a
function of deterministic but time-varying effective size
2N of the population from which the two processes are
sampled. In terms of a corresponding family of Feller operators,
assuming asymptotic stability or ergodicity of the process of
mutation, we find the limit form of the distribution of such pairs
of processes sampled from decaying, asymptotically constant, and
growing populations. In the case where mutation is not
asymptotically stable or ergodic, limit distributions are found
for the distribution of relative differences.
References
Arendt, W., Batty, C. J. K., Hieber, M. and Neubrander, F. (2001) Vector-Valued Laplace Transforms and Cauchy Problems. Birkhäuser, Basel.
Arendt, W. \et (1986). One-Parameter Semigroups of Positive Operators (Lecture Notes Math. 1184). Springer, Berlin.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR839450
Beaumont, M. A. (1999). Detecting population expansion and decline using microsatellites. Genetics 153, 2013--2029.
Bobrowski, A. (2004). Quasi-stationary distributions of a pair of Markov chains related to time evolution of a DNA locus. Adv. Appl. Prob. 36, 57--77.
Bobrowski, A. (2005). Functional Analysis for Probability and Stochastic Processes. Cambridge University Press.
Bobrowski, A., and Kimmel, M. (2003). A random evolution related to a Fisher--Wright--Moran model with mutation, recombination and drift. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 26, 1587--1599.
Bobrowski, A. and Kimmel, M. (2004). Asymptotic behavior of joint distributions of characteristics of a pair of randomly chosen individuals in discrete-time Fisher--Wright models with mutations and drift. Theoret. Pop. Biol. 66, 355--367.
Bobrowski, A. and Kubalińska, M. (2006). On a functional equation with derivative and symmetrization. Ann. Polon. Math. 89, 13--24.
Bobrowski, A., Kimmel, M., Arino, O. and Chakraborty, R. (2001). A semigroup representation and asymptotic behavior of certain statistics of the Fisher--Wright--Moran coalescent. In Stochastic Processes: Theory and Methods (Handbook Statist. 19), eds C. R. Rao and D. N. Shanbhag. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 215--247.
Bobrowski, A., Wang, N., Kimmel, M. and Chakraborty, R. (2002). Nonhomogeneous infinite sites model under demographic change: mathematical description and asymptotic behavior of pairwise distributions. Math. Biosci. 175, 83--115.
Bourbaki, N. (1940). Topologie Générale, ch. I et II. Hermann, Paris.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR4747
Defant, A. and Floret K. (1993). Tensor Norms and Operator Ideals. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Donelly, P. and Kurtz, T. G. (1996). A countable representation of the Fleming--Viot measure-valued diffusions. Ann. Prob. 24, 743--760.
Donelly, P. and Kurtz, T. G. (1999). Genealogical processes for Fleming--Viot models with selection and recombination. Ann. Appl. Prob. 9, 1091--1148.
Donelly, P. and Kurtz, T. G. (1999). Particle representations for measure-valued population models. Ann. Prob. 27, 166--205.
Emilion, R. (1985). Mean-bounded operators and mean ergodic theorems. J. Funct. Anal. 61, 1--14.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR779737
Engel, K.-J. and Nagel, R. (2000). One-Parameter Semigroups for Linear Evolution Equations. Springer, New York.
Engelking, R. (1977). General Topology. Polish Scientific Press, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR500780
Ethier, S. N. and Kurtz, T. G. (1986) Markov Processes. Characterization and Convergence. John Wiley, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR838085
Ewens, W. (2004). Mathematical Population Genetics. I. Theoretical Introduction, 2nd edn. Springer, New York.
Feller, W. (1971). An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 2, 2nd edn. John Wiley, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR270403
Goldstein, J. A. (1985). Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications. Oxford University Press.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR790497
Goldstein, S. (1951). On diffiusion of discontinuous movements, and on the telegraph equation. Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 4, 129--156.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR47963
Griffiths, R. C. and Tavare, S. (1994). Sampling theory for neutral alleles in a varying environment. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B 344, 403--410.
Hewitt, E. and Ross, K. A. (1979). Abstract Harmonic Analysis, Vol. 1, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR551496
Heyer, H. (1977). Probability Measures on Locally Compact Groups. Springer, Berlin.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR501241
Jansen, A. and Siebert, E. (1981). Convolution semigroups and generalized telegraph equations. Mat. Z. 177, 519--532.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR624229
Kac, M. (1956). Some Stochastic Problems in Physics and Mathematics. Socony Mobil Oil Company.
Kato, T. (1953). Integration of the equation of evolution in a Banach space. J. Math. Soc. Japan 5, 208--234.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR58861
Kingman, J. F. C. (1976). Coherent random walks arising in some genetic models. Proc. R. Soc. London A 351, 19--31.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR420867
Kingman, J. F. C. (1982). The coalescent. Stoch. Process. Appl. 13, 235--248.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR671034
Kisyński, J. (1974). On M. Kac's probabilistic formula for the solution of the telegraphist's equation. Ann. Pol. Math. 29, 259--272.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR355353
Kreĭ n, S. G. (1971). Linear Differential Equations in Banach Spaces (Transl. Math. Monog. 29). American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR342804
Krone, S. M. and Neuhauser, C. (1997) Ancestral process with selection. Theoret. Pop. Biol. 51, 210--237.
Lasota, A. and Rudnicki, R. (1988). Asymptotic behavior of semigroups of positive operators on $C(X)$. Bull. Polish Acad. Sci. Math. 36, 151--159.
Moran, P. A. P. (1975). Wandering distributions and the electrophoretic profile. Theoret. Pop. Biol. 9, 318--330.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR418953
Pazy, A. (1983). Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications to Partial Differential Equations (Appl. Math. Sci. 44). Springer, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR710486
Pinsky, M. A. (1991). Lectures on Random Evolution. World Scientific, River Edge, NJ.
Polańska, J. and Kimmel, M. (1999). A model of dynamics of mutation, genetic drift and recombination in DNA-repeat genetic loci. Archives Control Sci. 9, 143--157.
Revuz, D. and Yor, M. (1999). Continuous Martingales and Brownian Motion, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin.
Rogers, L. C. G. and Williams, D. (2000). Diffusions, Markov Processes and Martingales, Vol. 1, Foundations. Cambridge University Press.
Slade, P. F. (2001). Simulation of `hitch-hiking' genealogies. J. Math. Biol. 42, 41--70.
Steutel, F. W. (1984). Poisson processes and a Bessel function integral. SIAM Rev. 27, 73--77.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR791756
Szucs, J. M. (1985). Ergodic theorems for tensor products. J. Funct. Anal. 64, 125--133.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet):
MR812387
Tajima, F. (1983). Evolutionary relationship of DNA sequences in finite populations. Genetics 105, 437--460.
Tavaré, S. and Zeitouni, O. (2004). Lectures on Probability Theory and Statistics (Lecture Notes Math. 1837). Springer, Berlin.
Wentzel, A. D. (1981). A Course in the Theory of Stochastic Processes. McGraw-Hill, New York.