Advances in Applied Probability

On the fundamental theorem of card counting, with application to the game of trente et quarante

S. N. Ethier and D. A. Levin

Source: Adv. in Appl. Probab. Volume 37, Number 1 (2005), 90-107.

Abstract

A simplified proof of Thorp and Walden's fundamental theorem of card counting is presented, and a corresponding central limit theorem is established. Results are applied to the casino game of trente et quarante, which was studied by Poisson and De Morgan.

Primary Subjects: 60G09
Secondary Subjects: 60G35, 60C05
Keywords: Sampling without replacement; exchangeability; martingale; U-statistic; central limit theorem

Full-text: Access denied (no subscription detected)

We're sorry, but we are unable to provide you with the full text of this article because we are not able to identify you as a subscriber.
If you have a personal subscription to this journal, then please login. If you are already logged in, then you may need to update your profile to register your subscription. Read more about accessing full-text
Links and Identifiers

Permanent link to this document: http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aap/1113402401
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1239/aap/1113402401
Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet): MR2135155
Zentralblatt MATH identifier: 02164619

References

Bertrand, J. (1888). Calcul des Probabilités. Gauthier-Villars, Paris.
Boll, M. (1936). La Chance et les Jeux de Hasard. Librairie Larousse, Paris.
Zentralblatt MATH: 62.0603.03
Boll, M. (1945). Le Trente et Quarante. Le Triboulet, Monaco.
De Morgan, A. (1838). An Essay on Probabilities, and on Their Application to Life Contingencies and Insurance Offices. Longman, London.
Gall, M. (1883). La Roulette et le Trente-et-Quarante. Delarue, Paris.
Grégoire, G. (1853). Traité du Trente-Quarante. Comptoir des Imprimeurs-Unis, Paris.
Griffin, P. (1976). The rate of gain in player expectation for card games characterized by sampling without replacement and an evaluation of card counting systems. In Gambling and Society: Interdisciplinary Studies on the Subject of Gambling, ed. W. R. Eadington, Thomas, Springfield, IL, pp. 429--442.
Griffin, P. A. (1999). The Theory of Blackjack, 6th edn. Huntington Press, Las Vegas, NV.
Huyn, P. N. (1788). La Théorie des Jeux de Hasard, ou Analyse du Krabs, du Passe-Dix, de la Roulette, du Trente & Quarante, du Pharaon, du Biribi & du Lotto. Unknown publisher, Paris.
Lee, A. J. (1990). U-Statistics: Theory and Practice. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR1075417
Zentralblatt MATH: 0771.62001
May, J. (2004). Trente et quarante. Available at http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/greenbaize21/\allowbreaktrenteet.htm
Nandi, H. K. and Sen, P. K. (1963). On the properties of $U$-statistics when the observations are not independent. II. Unbiased estimation of the parameters of a finite population. Calcutta Statist. Assoc. Bull. 12, 124--148.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR161418
Poisson, S.-D. (1825). Mémoire sur l'avantage du banquier au jeu de trente et quarante. Ann. Math. Pures Appl. 16, 173--208.
Polovtsoff, Gen. P. (1937). Monte Carlo Casino. Stanley Paul, London.
Scarne, J. (1974). Scarne's New Complete Guide to Gambling. Simon & Schuster, New York.
Scrutator (1924). The Odds at Monte Carlo. John Murray, London.
Silberer, V. (1910). The Games of Roulette and Trente et Quarante as Played at Monte Carlo. (Reprint of the technical chapters from Vom grünen Tisch in Monte Carlo.) Harrison & Sons, London.
Székely, G. J. (2003). Problem corner. Chance 16 (4), 52--53.
Thorp, E. O. and Walden, W. E. (1973). The fundamental theorem of card counting with applications to trente-et-quarante and baccarat. Internat. J. Game Theory 2, 109--119.
Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): MR321558
Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1007/BF01737563
Todhunter, I. (1865). A History of the Mathematical Theory of Probability. Macmillan, Cambridge.

2009 © Applied Probability Trust